基于區塊鏈的醫療數據共享模型研究

薛騰飛; 傅群超; 王樅; 王新宴

doi:10.16383/j.aas.2017.c160661

基于區塊鏈的醫療數據共享模型研究

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2017.c160661

薛騰飛^1,2, ,,
傅群超^1,2,,
王樅^1,2,,
王新宴^3,

1.
北京郵電大學(xué)軟件學(xué)院北京 100876
2.
可信分布式計算與服務(wù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗室北京 100876
3.
空軍總醫院北京 100142

基金項目:

科技基礎性工作專(zhuān)項 2015FY111 700-06

詳細信息

作者簡(jiǎn)介:
傅群超????北京郵電大學(xué)軟件學(xué)院博士研究生.主要研究方向為醫學(xué)文本處理.E-mail: fu92811@163.com

王樅????北京郵電大學(xué)軟件學(xué)院教授.主要研究方向為醫療大數據分析, 智能控制與網(wǎng)絡(luò )信息安全.E-mail:huhx@sina.com

王新宴????國家科技基礎條件平臺人口與健康空軍總醫院平臺中心主任, 空軍總醫院特診科主任.主要研究方向為高血壓的精準診斷, 健康溯源大隊列研究.E-mail:wangxinyan@china.com

通訊作者:
薛騰飛北京郵電大學(xué)軟件學(xué)院博士研究生.主要研究方向為區塊鏈應用和共識機制.本文通信作者.E-mail:tffeiba@126.com

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- 文章訪(fǎng)問(wèn)數: 5261
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2016-09-18
- 錄用日期: 2017-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2017-09-20

A Medical Data Sharing Model via Blockchain

XUE Teng-Fei^{1,2
, ,},
FU Qun-Chao^{1,2
,},
WANG Cong^{1,2
,},
WANG Xin-Yan^3
,

1.
School of Software, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876
2.
Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100876
3.
Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100142

Funds:

Science and Technology Basic Work 2015FY111 700-06

More Information

Author Bio:
???? Ph. D. candidate at the School of Software, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. His main research interest is medical text processing. E-mail:

??? Professor at the School of Software, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. His research interest covers medical data analysis, intelligent control, and network information security.E-mail:

??? Director of the Center for National Science and Technology Basic Condition Platform Population and Health Air Force General Hospital Platform and director of the Air Force General Hospital Special Clinic Department. Her research interest covers accurate diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and study of large queues on the health traceability. E-mail:

Corresponding author: XUE Teng-Fei Ph. D. candidate at the School of Software, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. His research interest covers blockchain application and consensus mechanism. Corresponding author of this paper.E-mail:tffeiba@126.com

摘要

摘要: 根據醫療行業(yè)現狀，不難發(fā)現各醫療機構間共享數據困難，因為醫療數據的校驗、保存和同步一直是一個(gè)難點(diǎn).病人、醫生以及研究人員在訪(fǎng)問(wèn)和共享醫療數據時(shí)存在嚴格的限制，這一過(guò)程需要花費大量的資源和時(shí)間用于權限審查和數據校驗.本文提出一個(gè)基于區塊鏈的醫療數據共享模型，具有去中心化、安全可信、集體維護、不可篡改等特點(diǎn)，適用于解決各醫療機構數據共享的難題.本文詳細介紹了模型的組件以及實(shí)現原理.將現有醫療機構進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，配合使用改進(jìn)的共識機制實(shí)現了方便、安全、快捷的數據共享.此外，通過(guò)對比醫療數據共享存在的問(wèn)題，分析了本模型的優(yōu)勢以及帶來(lái)的影響.
- 醫療數據 /
- 區塊鏈 /
- 共識機制 /
- 共享模型
Abstract: According to the status quo of medical industry, verification, storage and synchronization of clinical data are difficult, therefore, clinic data sharing between institutions become a challenging task. There are many restrictions in data access and sharing for patients, doctors and even researchers, which results in a high cost of both resources and time for authority authentication and verification. To solve this problem, we propose a blockchain-based medical data sharing model, with advantages of decentralization, high security, collective maintenance and tamper resistance. We discuss the critical principles and components of this model in detail. Furthermore, we improve the consensus mechanism so as to better match different types of medical institutions for a more convenient, secure and faster data sharing. In addition, the merits and impacts of this model are presented and analyzed by comparisons in terms of existing issues in medical data.
- Medical data /
- blockchain /
- consensus mechanism /
- sharing model
注釋:

1) 本文責任編委?王飛躍

HTML全文

圖 1 2008 ~ 2015年護理醫院采用基礎版EHR與采用\\標準版EHR的占比情況^[1]

Fig. 1 Percent of non-federal acute hospitals with adoption of at least a basic EHR with notes system and possession of a certified EHR: 2008 ~ 2015^[1]

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圖 2 不同類(lèi)型醫院采用基礎版HER的百分比情況^[1]

Fig. 2 Percent of non-federal acute care hospitals with adoption of at least a basic EHR system by hospital type^[1]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 醫療數據共享模型結構

Fig. 3 The framework of the medical data sharing model

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圖 4 存儲記錄信息的Merkle樹(shù)

Fig. 4 Merkle tree of the storage structure

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圖 5 醫療數據存儲層級結構

Fig. 5 Medical data storage hierarchy structure and details

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表 1 模型與現有解決方案對比

Table 1 The model is compared to existing solutions

	基于區塊鏈	共識機制	專(zhuān)為醫療問(wèn)題設計	減輕主鏈壓力	私有鏈
Factom^[17]	否	無(wú)	否	是	否
MedRec^[9]	是	POW	是	否	否
ModelChain^[8]	是	POI	是	否	是
MDSM	是	改進(jìn)DPOS	是	是	是

下載: 導出CSV

表 2 當前面臨的問(wèn)題以及模型應對的方法

Table 2 The problems faced and the coping methods of the model

類(lèi)型	面臨問(wèn)題	模型應對方法及分析
隱私和安全	信任和訪(fǎng)問(wèn)控制	提倡醫療數據電子化, 醫療數據由可信的代理負責記錄
	黑客攻擊和醫療數據保護	采用非對稱(chēng)加密技術(shù)加密數據
	不可抵賴(lài)性	周期性將信息錨定到比特幣公鏈, 借助公鏈實(shí)現不可篡改
醫療數據濫用和詐騙	被濫用, 追責困難	模型是輪流責任制, 采用區塊鏈技術(shù)方便追責
	記錄難以辨識	數字化電子病歷即時(shí)存儲, 機器可識別易辨認
	不正當收費, 虛假聲明等	每種類(lèi)型客戶(hù)端均可快捷查詢(xún), 獲得統一且可信的結果
用戶(hù)參與度	用戶(hù)無(wú)法管理自身的健康數據	完全由用戶(hù)管理自己的醫療數據, 代理重加密實(shí)現權利委托
用戶(hù)參與度	公共衛生相關(guān)研究與用戶(hù)無(wú)直接關(guān)聯(lián)	開(kāi)放自己的醫療數據, 做為研究素材推動(dòng)相關(guān)研究
	數據分別存儲在不同的數據中心, 形成數據孤島共享困難	模型打通各醫療機構之間的數據孤島, 實(shí)現方便的數據互操作
互操作性, 可訪(fǎng)問(wèn)性, 數據完整性	各機構權限不明確, 數據所屬權不明確	醫療聯(lián)合服務(wù)器負責代理記賬, 審計服務(wù)器負責校驗記賬.客戶(hù)端分不同類(lèi)型, 支持不同的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)限制.另外, 明確各個(gè)醫療機構的職責, 方便外部審計.
	數據容易丟失, 造成數據不完整	分布式的存儲節點(diǎn), 保證數據的多重備份
規則	不同的數據標準和共享規則	統一的數據查詢(xún)接口, 統一的數據標準, 可以實(shí)時(shí)數據共享

下載: 導出CSV

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基于區塊鏈的醫療數據共享模型研究

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2017.c160661

通訊作者:
薛騰飛北京郵電大學(xué)軟件學(xué)院博士研究生.主要研究方向為區塊鏈應用和共識機制.本文通信作者.E-mail:tffeiba@126.com

計量

A Medical Data Sharing Model via Blockchain

Corresponding author: XUE Teng-Fei Ph. D. candidate at the School of Software, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. His research interest covers blockchain application and consensus mechanism. Corresponding author of this paper.E-mail:tffeiba@126.com

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目錄

留言板

基于區塊鏈的醫療數據共享模型研究

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2017.c160661

通訊作者: 薛騰飛 北京郵電大學(xué)軟件學(xué)院博士研究生.主要研究方向為區塊鏈應用和共識機制.本文通信作者.E-mail:tffeiba@126.com

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出版歷程

A Medical Data Sharing Model via Blockchain

Corresponding author: XUE Teng-Fei Ph. D. candidate at the School of Software, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. His research interest covers blockchain application and consensus mechanism. Corresponding author of this paper.E-mail:tffeiba@126.com

計量

出版歷程

目錄

通訊作者:
薛騰飛北京郵電大學(xué)軟件學(xué)院博士研究生.主要研究方向為區塊鏈應用和共識機制.本文通信作者.E-mail:tffeiba@126.com